Adolescence
The word " adolescence " comes from the Latin that is adolescere which means to grow or to grow maturity (Golinko, 1984 in Rice, 1990). Many figures who give a definition of youth, such as DeBrun (in Rice, 1990) defines youth as a period of growth between childhood with adulthood. Papalia and Olds (2001) did not provide an understanding of adolescents (Adolescent) explicitly but implicitly through the notion of adolescence (adolescence).
According to Papalia and Olds (2001), adolescence is a transitional development between childhood and adulthood, which generally begins at age 12 or 13 years and ended in his late teens or early twenties.
According to Adams & Gullota (in Aaro, 1997), adolescence include age between 11 to 20 years. While Hurlock (1990) divides adolescence into early adolescence (13 to 16 or 17 years) and late adolescence (16 or 17 years to 18 years). Early and late adolescence is distinguished by Hurlock because at the end of adolescence the individual has reached the transitional developments closer to adulthood.
Papalia & Olds (2001) argued that adolescence is a period between childhood and adulthood. While Anna Freud (in Hurlock, 1990) argues that occur during adolescence include the development process changes related to psychosexual development, and also there is a change in the relationship with parents and their ideals, where the formation of ideals is the process of formation of orientation future.
Transition development in adolescence is in part the development of childhood but still experienced some maturity has been reached adulthood (Hurlock, 1990). Part of childhood that include biological processes such as height growth is still rising. While part of adulthood, among others, the process of maturation of all body organs including the reproductive function and cognitive maturity that is characterized by being able to think abstractly (Hurlock, 1990; Papalia & Olds, 2001).
The meaning of development is the changes in lifespan (Papalia & Olds, 2001). Changes that can occur quantitatively, for example, height or body weight, and qualitative, such as changes in a concrete way of thinking becomes abstract (Papalia and Olds, 2001). Progress in human life occurs on different aspects. There are three aspects of the proposed development Papalia and Olds (2001), namely: (1) physical development, (2) cognitive development, and (3) personality and social development.
Here are some properties that stand out in the process of development of this period include:
a. Long abandoned Opinions
They want to develop a new establishment. At times looking for the truth that things do not turn into irregular.
b. Disturbed the balance of his soul
They love to oppose tradition, thought they were capable of determining their opinions about all the problems of life. They use their own stance as a guide to his life. Because of that attitude and his actions are not completely quiet.
c. Like hide the contents of the liver
Teenagers like to be a puzzle, because it is difficult to dive his soul. Good deeds and actions can not be used as guidelines for determining mental complexion. Soon he was acting rough, then he looks gentle, sometimes he likes to daydream, and then he looked vigorous and happy again.
d. The period of awakening sense of social.
At this time already established by a great friendship together with peers growing stronger, but his attitude still oppose the authority of adults. They founded the club, they set themselves the rules, they chose the chairman, but the old associations are usually not durable.
While some other characteristic of this period expressed by Dra. Ny. Y. Singgih D. Gunarsa and Dr. Singgih D. Gunarsah in his book Psychology of Adolescents, namely:
1. Conflicts: Conflict-conflict that happened in themselves also cause confusion both for themselves and for others. In general, disputes and conflicts arise opinions and views between the teenager and parents, then this conflict causes a great desire to break away from parents.
2. Desiring to try everything that great unknown. They want to know various things through the efforts made in various fields.
3. The desire to explore the natural surroundings on the broader youth. Not only the nearby neighborhood who wants to be investigated, even the wider environment.
